Assay of formulation of antimalarial drug by Bioguided method with one Cameroonian medicinal plant: Stem bark of Afzelia africana (Fabaceae)

According to WHO report in 2021, Malaria is an important cause of death and illness in tropical countries. This desease is caused by plasmodium parasites spread to people through the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes. Although malaria deaths have reduced steadily over the last 19 years (from 736000 in 2000 to 409000 in 2019), it still remains a global health problem. In the search for new antimalarial drugs, researcher turn to plant as a source of new drugs. Afzelia africana is a plant use by traditional healer to threat malaria. The aim of the present study is to carry out bioguided investigation of the stem bark of in other to do an assay of formulation of a new antimalarial drug. The sterms barks of Afzelia africana were harvested in center region (Batsinga). The collected samples were chopped into pieces, air dried, grounded and extracted with hydroethanol (70:30). Crudes extracts were tested on 3D7 stain of plasmodium falciparum followed by bioguided fractionation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured by the microdilution method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark of Afzelia africana exhibited the best antimalarial activity with IC50 5.03. The phytochemical investigation of the actives fractions led to the isolation of 15 compounds amoung which 9 Flavonoids, 2 lignane, 2 monoglycerids, 2 triterpenes. The present work that aim is to develop an antimalarial drug from Cameroonian medicinal plants is still ongoing. The antimalarial result show that the stem bark of Afzelia africana could be a good starting point of formulation of new antimalarial phytodrug. This study will help the population to treat malaria with their local material.