Tchameni Nguemezi severin*;
Ambata A. H. T*, Ntah A. A. M , Jiogue B. M, Kamsu N. F. P, Djien N. F,;
Ambata A. H. T*, Ntah A. A. M , Jiogue B. M, Kamsu N. F. P, Djien N. F, Youassi Y. O, Dikongue N. F. J, Ekwala M.N.R.G, Tchameni N. S and Sameza M. L.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon,
P. O. Box 24 157 Douala, Cameroon.
*Corresponding: E-mail tchameni1@yahoo.fr Tel: +237699440618
INTRODUCTION
Vascular fusarium wilt of palm oil caused by Fusarium oxyporum elaedis and soil fertility are two major constraints to oil palm development in Africa. Vascular fusarium would have no efficient treatment to date. In order to cope with the pressure of the phytopathogen, varieties of plants resistant are put on the market with the main limitation of expensive costs. Finding solutions to this situation, the use of biological control would be promising. The aim of the present work was to search for Trichoderma isolates having a better antagonist and solubilizing potential of phosphates.
MÉTHODOLOGY
Antagonisms were isolated from 185 soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of healthy palm oil plants by the suspension dilution and spreading method. The pathogen was isolated from young plants showing symptoms of Fusarium wilt by applying Koch’s postulate. Direct confrontation, antibiosis tests and ability of Trichoderma isolates to solubilize Cameroon rock phosphates was evaluated.
RÉSULTS
Of the 59 isolates of Trichoderma spp. Obtained, only 11 isolates showed class R1 antagonism according to the Bell scale: I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, I7, I8, I9, I10 and I11). In antibiosis, 5 isolates were the most efficient firstly in diffusible substances: I12(75.07%), I14(39.48%), I13(50%), I6(60%) and I11(73, 43%); secondly in the production of volatiles compounds: I12(39.58%), I14(47.91%), I13(24.58%), I6(25%) and I11(43.75%). In phosphate solubilisation, isolate I7, I1, I11 were among the most efficient.
IMPACT OF RESULTS
Trichoderma isolates I1, I6, I7 and I11 could be the basis of a biofogicidal and biofertilizing formulation.
Key words: Trichoderma, palm oil, fusarium, Fusarium oxysporum elaedis, biofungicide, biofertilizer.
